LV normal
values * |
Mean±SD (LL-UP) |
LVEDV
(ml) |
123±22 (78–167) |
LVEDV/BSA
(ml/m2) |
73±12 (50–96) |
LVESV
(ml) |
43±11 (21–64) |
LVESV/BSA
(ml/m2) |
25±7 (10–40) |
LVSV (ml) |
83±16 (52–114) |
LVSV/BSA
(ml/m2) |
49±8 (33–64) |
LVEF (%) |
66±7 (52–79) |
LVM (g) |
83±21 (41–125) |
LVM/BSA
(g/m2) |
49±10 (30–68) |
LVCO
(l/min) |
4.5±0.9 (2.7–6.3) |
LVCI
(l/min/m2) |
2.9±0.5 (1.9–3.9) |
LVM/LVEDV
(g/ml) |
0.6±0.1 (0.3–0.8) |
*papillary
muscles included in LV mass |
|
LV normal
values* |
Mean±SD (LL-UP) |
LVEDV
(ml) |
112±21 (70–155) |
LVEDV/BSA
(ml/m2) |
69±12 (45–93) |
LVESV
(ml) |
39±12 (15–64) |
LVESV/BSA
(ml/m2) |
24±7 (10–38) |
LVSV (ml) |
73±13 (47–99) |
LVSV/BSA
(ml/m2) |
45±7 (30–59) |
LVEF (%) |
66±7 (52–79) |
LVM (g) |
73±15 (43–103) |
LVM/BSA
(g/m2) |
45±7 (30–59) |
LVCO
(l/min) |
4.9±1 (3.0–6.9) |
LVCI
(l/min/m2) |
2.9±0.5 (1.9–4.0) |
LVM/LVEDV
(g/ml) |
0.7±0.1 (0.4–1.0) |
*papillary
muscles included in LV volume |
|
RV normal
values* |
Mean±SD (LL–ULa) |
RVEDV
(ml) |
127±24 (79–175) |
RVEDV/BSA
(ml/m2) |
74±12 (51–97) |
RVESV
(ml) |
44±15 (13–75) |
RVESV/BSA
(ml/m2) |
26±8 (9–42) |
RVSV (ml) |
83±13 (56–110) |
RVSV/BSA
(ml/m2) |
48±7 (35–61) |
RVEF (%) |
66±7 (52–80) |
RVM (g) |
48±11 (26–71) |
RVM/BSA
(g/m2) |
28±6 (16–40) |
*papillary
muscles included in RV mass |
|
RV normal
values* |
Mean±SD (LL–ULa) |
RVEDV
(ml) |
122±27 (68–176) |
RVEDV/BSA
(ml/m2) |
76±14 (48–104) |
RVESV
(ml) |
50±15 (20–80) |
RVESV/BSA
(ml/m2) |
30±9 (13–48) |
RVSV (ml) |
74±18 (39–109) |
RVSV/BSA
(ml/m2) |
48±9 (29–66) |
RVEF (%) |
60±7 (46–74) |
RVM (g) |
30±9 (13–48) |
RVM/BSA
(g/m2) |
17±5 (7–28) |
RVCO
(l/min) |
4.4±1 (2.4–6.4) |
RVCI
(l/min/m2) |
2.8±0.6 (1.6–4.0) |
*papillary
muscles included in RV volume |
|
Left
Atrial Volume*~ |
Mean±SD (LL–ULa) |
Max. LA
volume (ml) |
64±18 (28–100) |
Max. LA
volume/BSA (ml/m2) |
39±11 (17–61) |
Min. LA volume
(ml) |
22±8 (7–38) |
Min. LA
volume/BSA (ml/m2) |
13±5 (4–23) |
LA stroke
volume (ml) |
42±10 (21–62) |
LA stroke
volume/BSA (ml/m2) |
22±6 (10–34) |
*Biplane
area-length method |
|
~LA
appendage excluded |
|
Left
atrial single cine analysis |
Mean±SD (LL–ULa) |
Max. LA
area 2Ch (cm2) |
19±5 (10–28) |
Max. LA
area 2Ch/BSA (cm2/m2) |
11±2 (6–16) |
Max. LA
area 3Ch (cm2) |
17±4 (10–24) |
Max. LA
area 3Ch/BSA (cm2/m2) |
10±2 (6–14) |
Max. LA
area 4Ch (cm2) |
21±4 (13–29) |
Max. LA
area 4Ch/BSA (cm2/m2) |
12±2 (8–15) |
Max. LA
longitudinal diameter 2Ch (cm) |
4.6±0.7 (3.3–5.9) |
Max. LA
longitudinal diameter 2Ch/BSA (cm/m2) |
2.8±0.6 (1.6–3.9) |
Max. LA
transverse diameter 2Ch (cm) |
4.3±0.5 (3.3–5.2) |
Max. LA
transverse diameter 2Ch/BSA (cm/m2) |
2.7±0.3 (2.2–3.2) |
Max. LA longitudinal
diameter 3Ch (cm) |
5.4±0.7 (4.0–6.7) |
Max. LA
longitudinal diameter 3Ch/BSA (cm/m2) |
3.6±0.5 (2.7–4.6) |
Max. LA
antero-posterior diameter 3Ch (cm) |
3±0.5 (2.0–4.0) |
Max. LA
antero-posterior diameter 3Ch/BSA (cm/m2) |
1.8±0.4 (1.1–2.5) |
Max. LA longitudinal
diameter 4Ch (cm) |
5.5±0.6 (4.2–6.8) |
Max. LA
longitudinal diameter 4Ch/BSA (cm/m2) |
3.5±0.5 (2.5–4.4) |
Max. LA
transverse diameter 4Ch (cm) |
4.1±0.5 (3.1–5.1) |
Max. LA
transverse diameter 4Ch/BSA (cm/m2) |
2.5±0.4 (1.8–3.2) |
Right
atrial single cine analysis |
Mean±SD (LL–ULa) |
Max. RA
area 2Ch (cm2) |
21±4 (13–29) |
Max. RA
area 2Ch/BSA (cm2/m2) |
12±2 (7–17) |
Max. RA
area 4Ch (cm2) |
19±3 (12–26) |
Max. RA
area 4Ch/BSA (cm2/m2) |
12±2 (8–15) |
Max. RA
longitudinal diameter 2Ch (cm) |
5.1±0.6 (3.9–6.3) |
Max. RA
longitudinal diameter 2Ch/BSA (cm/m2) |
3.2±0.4 (2.3–4.1) |
Max. RA
transverse diameter 2Ch (cm) |
4.1±0.9 (2.4–5.9) |
Max. RA
transverse diameter 2Ch/BSA (cm/m2) |
2.6±0.6 (1.5–3.7) |
Max. RA
longitudinal diameter 4Ch (cm) |
5.1±0.6 (4.0–6.3) |
Max. RA
longitudinal diameter 4Ch/BSA (cm/m2) |
3.2±0.4 (2.4–4.0) |
Max. RA
transverse diameter 4Ch (cm) |
4.3±0.6 (3.2–5.4) |
Max. RA
transverse diameter 4Ch/BSA (cm/m2) |
2.7±0.3 (2.0–3.4) |
Aortic
sinus parameters |
Systolic |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-commissure) (mm) |
30 ± 3 (25–35) |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-commissure)/BSA (mm/m2) |
18 ± 2 (14–21) |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-cusp) (mm) |
32 ± 3 (26–38) |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-cusp)/BSA (mm/m2) |
19 ± 2 (15–23) |
Aortic
sinus area (cm2) |
7.1 ± 1.4 (4.3–9.9) |
Aortic
sinus area/BSA (cm2/m2) |
4.2 ± 0.8 (2.6–5.8) |
Diastolic |
|
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-commissure) (mm) |
28 ± 3 (23–34) |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-commissure)/BSA (mm/m2) |
17 ± 2 (13–20) |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-cusp) (mm) |
31 ± 3 (24–37) |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-cusp)/BSA (mm/m2) |
18 ± 2 (14–22) |
Aortic
sinus area (cm2) |
6.5 ± 1.3 (3.9–9.1) |
Aortic
sinus area/BSA (cm2/m2) |
3.8 ± 0.8 (2.2–5.4) |
Aorta
parameters |
M ± SD (LL-UL) |
Ascending
aorta diameter (mm) |
26 ± 4 (18–33) |
Proximal
descending aorta diameter (mm) |
19 ± 2 (15–23) |
Distal
descending aorta diameter (mm) |
16 ± 2 (12–20) |
Ascending
aortic distensibility |
|
Age
(years) |
M ± SD |
20–29 |
7.9 ± 3.4 |
30–39 |
6.5 ± 3.0 |
40–49 |
5.3 ± 1.2 |
50–59 |
3.6 ± 1.1 |
60–69 |
2.7 ± 1.0 |
Pulse
wave velocity |
Median (5th–95th percentile) |
Age
(years) |
m/sec |
20–29 |
3.7 (3.4–4.0) |
30–39 |
3.8 (3.5–6.0) |
40–49 |
4.3 (3.7–5.0) |
50–59 |
5.6 (5.4–7.2) |
60–69 |
9.0 (7.4–12.4) |
*Ascending
to upped descending thoracic aorta |
|