LV normal
values * |
Mean±SD (LL-UP) |
LVEDV (ml) |
155±30
(95–215) |
LVEDV/BSA (ml/m2) |
79±15
(50–108) |
LVESV (ml) |
55±15
(25–85) |
LVESV/BSA (ml/m2) |
29±9
(11–47) |
LVSV (ml) |
103±21
(61–145) |
LVSV/BSA (ml/m2) |
52±10
(33–72) |
LVEF (%) |
64±8
(49–79) |
LVM (g) |
121±28
(66–176) |
LVM/BSA (g/m2) |
62±11
(39–85) |
LVCO (l/min) |
5.6±1.1
(3.4–7.8) |
LVCI (l/min/m2) |
3±0.6
(1.8–4.2) |
LVM/LVEDV (g/ml) |
0.7±0.1
(0.4–0.9) |
*papillary
muscles included in LV mass |
|
LV normal
values* |
Mean±SD (LL-UP) |
LVEDV (ml) |
145±31 (83–207) |
LVEDV/BSA (ml/m2) |
77±15
(47–107) |
LVESV (ml) |
53±18
(19–88) |
LVESV/BSA (ml/m2) |
29±9
(11–47) |
LVSV (ml) |
91±18
(55–127) |
LVSV/BSA (ml/m2) |
48±9
(30–66) |
LVEF (%) |
63±6
(51–76) |
LVM (g) |
105±24
(57–152) |
LVM/BSA (g/m2) |
56±10
(36–75) |
LVCO (l/min) |
6.1±1.1
(3.9–8.3) |
LVCI (l/min/m2) |
3.2±0.6
(2.1–4.3) |
LVM/LVEDV (g/ml) |
0.7±0.2
(0.3–1.2) |
*papillary
muscles included in LV volume |
|
RV normal
values* |
Mean±SD (LL–ULa) |
RVEDV (ml) |
163±27
(109–217) |
RVEDV/BSA (ml/m2) |
83±13
(58–109) |
RVESV (ml) |
57±17 (23–91) |
RVESV/BSA (ml/m2) |
29±9
(12–46) |
RVSV (ml) |
106±18
(71–141) |
RVSV/BSA (ml/m2) |
54±8
(38–71) |
RVEF (%) |
66±7
(51–80) |
RVM (g) |
66±15
(37–95) |
RVM/BSA (g/m2) |
34±7
(20–48) |
*papillary
muscles included in RV mass |
|
RV normal
values* |
Mean±SD (LL–ULa) |
RVEDV (ml) |
166±39
(87–244) |
RVEDV/BSA (ml/m2) |
88±17
(53–123) |
RVESV (ml) |
73±22
(29–117) |
RVESV/BSA (ml/m2) |
38±11
(17–59) |
RVSV (ml) |
95±26
(43–146) |
RVSV/BSA (ml/m2) |
52±12
(28–75) |
RVEF (%) |
57±8
(42–72) |
RVM (g) |
36±9
(17–54) |
RVM/BSA (g/m2) |
19±4
(10–28) |
RVCO (l/min) |
5.6±1.4
(2.8–8.3) |
RVCI (l/min/m2) |
3±0.7
(1.5–4.5) |
*papillary
muscles included in RV volume |
|
Left
Atrial Volume*~ |
Mean±SD (LL–ULa) |
Max. LA
volume (ml) |
72±20
(31–112) |
Max. LA
volume/BSA (ml/m2) |
38±11
(17–59) |
Min. LA volume
(ml) |
25±10
(6–44) |
Min. LA
volume/BSA (ml/m2) |
14±5
(3–24) |
LA stroke
volume (ml) |
44±12
(21–67) |
LA stroke
volume/BSA (ml/m2) |
22±6
(10–34) |
*Biplane
area-length method |
|
~LA
appendage excluded |
|
Left
atrial single cine analysis |
Mean±SD (LL–ULa) |
Max. LA
area 2Ch (cm2) |
21±5
(12–30) |
Max. LA
area 2Ch/BSA (cm2/m2) |
11±2
(6–16) |
Max. LA
area 3Ch (cm2) |
19±4
(12–26) |
Max. LA
area 3Ch/BSA (cm2/m2) |
10±2
(6–14) |
Max. LA
area 4Ch (cm2) |
23±5
(13–32) |
Max. LA
area 4Ch/BSA (cm2/m2) |
12±2
(7–16) |
Max. LA
longitudinal diameter 2Ch (cm) |
4.9±0.7
(3.5–6.2) |
Max. LA
longitudinal diameter 2Ch/BSA
(cm/m2) |
2.6±0.5
(1.6–3.6) |
Max. LA
transverse diameter 2Ch (cm) |
4.4±0.6
(3.2–5.6) |
Max. LA
transverse diameter 2Ch/BSA
(cm/m2) |
2.4±0.3
(1.7–3.0) |
Max. LA longitudinal
diameter 3Ch (cm) |
5.5±0.6
(4.2–6.8) |
Max. LA
longitudinal diameter 3Ch/BSA
(cm/m2) |
3.2±0.4
(2.4–4.0) |
Max. LA
antero-posterior diameter 3Ch (cm) |
3±0.5
(2.0–4.0) |
Max. LA
antero-posterior diameter 3Ch/BSA
(cm/m2) |
1.6±0.3
(1.0–2.2) |
Max. LA longitudinal
diameter 4Ch (cm) |
5.8±0.6
(4.6–7.1) |
Max. LA
longitudinal diameter 4Ch/BSA
(cm/m2) |
3.2±0.4
(2.3–4.1) |
Max. LA
transverse diameter 4Ch (cm) |
4.3±0.5
(3.3–5.3) |
Max. LA
transverse diameter 4Ch/BSA
(cm/m2) |
2.2±0.3
(1.6–2.9) |
Right
atrial single cine analysis |
Mean±SD (LL–ULa) |
Max. RA
area 2Ch (cm2) |
23±4
(15–31) |
Max. RA
area 2Ch/BSA (cm2/m2) |
12±2
(7–17) |
Max. RA
area 4Ch (cm2) |
21±4
(13–30) |
Max. RA
area 4Ch/BSA (cm2/m2) |
11±2
(7–15) |
Max. RA
longitudinal diameter 2Ch (cm) |
5.5±0.6 (4.2–6.7) |
Max. RA
longitudinal diameter 2Ch/BSA
(cm/m2) |
3±0.4
(2.3–3.7) |
Max. RA
transverse diameter 2Ch (cm) |
4.2±0.9
(2.4–6.0) |
Max. RA
transverse diameter 2Ch/BSA
(cm/m2) |
2.3±0.5
(1.3–3.3) |
Max. RA
longitudinal diameter 4Ch (cm) |
5.3±0.6
(4.0–6.6) |
Max. RA
longitudinal diameter 4Ch/BSA
(cm/m2) |
2.9±0.4
(2.2–3.7) |
Max. RA
transverse diameter 4Ch (cm) |
4.8±0.6
(3.7–5.9) |
Max. RA
transverse diameter 4Ch/BSA
(cm/m2) |
2.6±0.3
(2.1–3.2) |
Aortic
sinus parameters |
Systolic |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-commissure) (mm) |
34 ± 3
(27–40) |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-commissure)/BSA (mm/m2) |
17 ± 2
(14–20) |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-cusp) (mm) |
36 ± 4
(28–44) |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-cusp)/BSA (mm/m2) |
18 ± 2
(14–22) |
Aortic
sinus area (cm2) |
9.2 ± 2.1
(5.0–13.4) |
Aortic
sinus area/BSA (cm2/m2) |
4.6 ± 1.0
(2.6–6.6) |
Diastolic |
|
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-commissure) (mm) |
34 ± 3
(27–40) |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-commissure)/BSA (mm/m2) |
17 ± 2
(14–20) |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-cusp) (mm) |
36 ± 4 (28–44) |
Aortic
sinus diameter (cusp-cusp)/BSA (mm/m2) |
18 ± 2
(14–22) |
Aortic
sinus area (cm2) |
9.2 ± 2.1
(5.0–13.4) |
Aortic
sinus area/BSA (cm2/m2) |
4.6 ± 1.0
(2.6–6.6) |
Aorta
parameters |
M ± SD
(LL-UL) |
Ascending
aorta diameter (mm) |
27 ± 4
(19–34) |
Proximal
descending aorta diameter (mm) |
21 ± 3
(15–26) |
Distal
descending aorta diameter (mm) |
18 ± 3
(13–23) |
Ascending
aortic distensibility |
|
Age
(years) |
M ± SD |
20–29 |
5.6 ± 1.5 |
30–39 |
3.6 ± 1.4 |
40–49 |
3.5 ± 1.5 |
50–59 |
3.2 ± 1.6 |
60–69 |
2.1 ± 1.3 |
Pulse
wave velocity |
Median (5th–95th
percentile) |
Age
(years) |
m/sec |
20–29 |
3.7
(3.4–4.0) |
30–39 |
3.8
(3.5–6.0) |
40–49 |
4.3
(3.7–5.0) |
50–59 |
5.6
(5.4–7.2) |
60–69 |
9.0
(7.4–12.4) |
*Ascending
to upped descending thoracic aorta |